Amaxabiso ezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (REEs) kunye nemfuno yabasebenzi basezimayini abanezakhono iyenyuka njengoko ungquzulwano lwezopolitiko kunye nomkhosi phakathi kwe-United States ne-China lusanda, ingxelo ye-Nikkei Asia.
I-China ilawula ishishini lomhlaba onqabileyo kwihlabathi kwaye lilizwe ekukuphela kwalo elinekhonkco lobonelelo olupheleleyo olusuka kwimigodi, ukucokisa, ukusetyenzwa komhlaba onqabileyo.
Ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, ibilawula i-55 yepesenti yomthamo wehlabathi kunye neepesenti ezingama-85 zokucocwa komhlaba onqabileyo, ngokutsho komphandi wempahla uRoskill.
Olo lawulo lunokukhula ngokwenyani, njengoko iBeijing ibhengeze ukuzimisela kwayo “kwintsebenziswano enobubele” kunye nolawulo olutsha lwase-Afghanistan lweTaliban, ehleli kwi-1 yetriliyoni yeedola zeeminerali ezingasetyenziswanga, ngokweengcali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
Nanini na xa iTshayina isoyikisa ngokumisa okanye ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, uloyiko lwehlabathi luthumela amaxabiso esinyithi anqabileyo anyukayo.
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zibalulekile kubuchwephesha obuhamba phambili-yonke into ukusuka kwimijukujelwa, iijethi zokulwa ezifana ne-F-35, ukuya kwiiinjini zomoya, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zombane, iiselfowuni, kunye neenjini zezithuthi ezixutyiweyo nezombane.
Ingxelo ye-Congressional Research Service yathi i-F-35 nganye idinga iikhilogram ze-417 zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ukwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neenkqubo zamandla kunye neemagnethi.
Ngokutsho kwe-Nikkei Asia, uMax Hsiao, umphathi ophezulu kumenzi wecandelo lomsindo e-Dongguan, e-China, ukholelwa ukuba i-extrusion ivela kwi-alloy magnetic ebizwa ngokuba yi-neodymium praseodymium.
Ixabiso lentsimbi yesinyithi esetyenziswa yinkampani yeHsiao ukudibanisa izithethi zeAmazon kunye nomenzi welaptop iLenovo liphindaphindeke kabini ukusukela ngoJuni kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuya malunga ne-760,000 yeeyuan ($117,300) ngetoni ngo-Agasti.
“Ukunyuka kwexabiso lale nto ingundoqo yemagnethi yehlise umyinge wethu ngamanqaku epesenti angama-20 ubuncinci…ibe yimpembelelo enkulu ngokwenene leyo,” uXiao uxelele uNikkei Asia.
Zibalulekile kuluhlu lwezixhobo zobugcisa - yonke into ukusuka kwizithethi kunye neenjini zemoto zombane ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango kunye neembumbulu ezichanekileyo.
Umhlaba onqabileyo onje nge-neodymium oxide, igalelo elingundoqo kwiinjini zombane kunye neeinjini zomoya, nazo zonyuke nge-21.1% ukusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, ngelixa i-holmium, esetyenziswa kwiimagnethi kunye ne-magnetostrictive alloys ye-sensor kunye ne-actuator, inyuke phantse ngama-50%. .
Ngokunqongophala kobonelelo oluzayo, iingcali zithi ukunyuka kwamaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo kunokunyusa amaxabiso ombane wabathengi kuyo yonke ibhodi.
Ngeli xesha, kwelinye icala lehlabathi, indawo eyinkqantosi ephezulu ye-Nevada iqala ukuva imfuneko yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
E-Nevada, malunga ne-15,000 abantu abaqeshwe kwi-industry mining industry.I-Nevada Mining Association (NVMA) uMongameli uTire Grey uthe oko kuye kwabiza i-shishini "malunga ne-500 imisebenzi embalwa" - eyenze iminyaka.
Njengoko i-US ijonge ukukhusela amatyathanga obonelelo lwasekhaya kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nezinye izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, imfuno yabasebenzi basezimayini baya kukhula kuphela, ngokutsho kwengxelo kwiVeki yoShishino lwaseNyakatho Nevada.
Iibhetri zeLithium zaqala ukucetywa ngoo-1970 kwaye zathengiswa nguSony ngo-1991, kwaye ngoku zisetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni, iinqwelomoya, kunye neemoto.
Kwakhona banezinga eliphantsi lokukhutshwa kunezinye iibhetri, balahlekelwa malunga ne-5% ngenyanga xa kuthelekiswa ne-20% yeebhetri ze-NiCd.
“Kuza kuba yimfuneko ukuvala le misebenzi sivulekileyo ngoku, kwaye kuya kubakho imfuneko yokuvala imisebenzi eza kudaleka ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno kushishino lwemigodi,” utshilo uGrey.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uGrey walatha kwiprojekthi ye-lithium ecetywayo eThacker Pass eHumboldt County, kufutshane ne-Orowada.
“Bazakufuna abasebenzi bokwakha ukuze baphuhlise imigodi yabo, kodwa ke bazakufuna malunga nama-400 abasebenzi abasisigxina ukuze baqhube imigodi,” uGray uxelele iNNBW.
Imiba yezabasebenzi ayiphelelanga nje eNevada.Ngokutsho kweBurena yase-US ye-Statistics yezaBasebenzi (i-BLS), ukuqeshwa kwemigodi kunye nobunjineli bejoloji kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula nge-4% ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2029.
Njengoko imfuno yezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo iqhubeka nokunyuka, bambalwa abasebenzi abanezakhono abazalisa izithuba zemisebenzi.
Ummeli weNevada Gold Mines uthe: “Sinethamsanqa lokubona ukukhula ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwishishini lethu.Nangona kunjalo, oku kongeza kwimingeni ngokwembono yabasebenzi.
“Sikholelwa ukuba esona sizathu sisemva koku ngubhubhani kunye notshintsho lwenkcubeko e-United States.
"Emva kokuba ubhubhane wenze umonakalo kuyo yonke inkalo yobomi babantu, njengazo zonke ezinye iinkampani zaseMelika, sibona abanye babasebenzi bethu bephonononga ukhetho lwabo lobomi."
E-Nevada, umvuzo wonyaka ophakathi kubasebenzi basemgodini ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini yi-52,400 yeedola;ngokutsho kwe-BLS, imivuzo yeenjineli zezemigodi nezejoloji iphindwe kabini okanye ngaphezulu (i-$93,800 ukuya kwi-156,000 yeedola).
Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yokutsala italente entsha kwishishini, imigodi yeNevada ibekwe kwiindawo ezikude kurhulumente - hayi ikomityi yeti yomntu wonke.
Abanye abantu bacinga ngabasebenzi-mgodini abagqunywe ludaka nothuthu abasebenza phantsi kweemeko eziyingozi, bekhupha umsi omnyama ophuma koomatshini bakudala.Umfanekiso kaDickens oqaqambileyo.
Ngelishwa, amaxesha amaninzi abantu basabona ishishini njengeshishini kwi-1860s, okanye nakwishishini le-1960s, "uGrey uxelele iNNBW.
“Xa ngokwenene siphambili kwinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe.Sisebenzisa eyona teknoloji iphucukileyo nekhoyo ukuze sembe imathiriyeli ngeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo.”
Kwangaxeshanye, i-US isebenzela ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo e-China ngokuchasene nokuwohloka kobudlelwane base-US-China kunye nemfazwe kubuchwephesha obuvelayo:
UJeff Green, umongameli wefem yokuphembelela iJA Green & Co, uthe: “Urhulumente utyala imali ekwakheni amandla amatsha, ezama ukwakha yonke into yokubonelela.Umbuzo ngowokuba singakwenza na oko ngoqoqosho.”
Oku kungenxa yokuba i-US inemigaqo engqongqo kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo, ekholisa ukwenza imveliso ibize kakhulu.
Okuhlekisayo kukuba, imfuno yaseTshayina yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba iphakame kakhulu kangangokuba iye yagqitha kubonelelo lwasekhaya kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, nto leyo ebangele ukwanda kokungeniswa kwemveliso yaseTshayina.
"Ukhuseleko lomhlaba olunqabileyo lwaseTshayina aluqinisekiswanga," utshilo uDavid Zhang, umhlalutyi kumcebisi weSublime China Information.
"Inokuhamba xa ubudlelwane be-US-China besonakala okanye xa umphathi-jikelele waseMyanmar ethatha isigqibo sokuvala umda."
Imithombo: Nikkei Asia, CNBC, Northern Nevada Business Week, Power Technology, BigThink.com, Nevada Mining Association, Marketplace.org, Financial Times
Le sayithi, njengezinye iisayithi ezininzi, isebenzisa iifayile ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziikuki ukusinceda siphucule kwaye silungiselele ulwazi lwakho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-03-2022